This volume synthesizes decades of archaeological research in the western Papagueria, the vast desert region of southwestern Arizona that includes the Barry M. Goldwater Range and Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. The contributors examine the fragile archaeological patterns left by prehistoric populations who inhabited one of the most arid landscapes on the continent. Topics include lithic technology, ceramic traditions, settlement and subsistence strategies, rock art, and the unique challenges of conducting archaeological research in an active military range.